Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026
07:28
Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
Published on: April 6, 2017
Compressor/nebulizers differences in the nebulization of corticosteroids. The CODE study (Corticosteroids and Devices
C Terzano1, A Petroianni, D Parola
1Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Respiratory Diseases Unit, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. cterzano@tin.it
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|September 20, 2007
Summary
Nebulizer type significantly impacts inhaled corticosteroid delivery and treatment effectiveness. Device performance varies, affecting drug output and particle size for lung conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Medical Device Engineering
Background:
- Nebulization is a critical method for delivering inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to treat lung diseases in adults and children.
- Variations in nebulizer performance can influence therapeutic outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the nebulization performance of four different compressor/jet nebulizer types when delivering ICS.
- To identify differences in nebulization time, drug output, and aerosol characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Twelve nebulizers from four brands (Clenny, PARI Turbo Boy/LC Plus, MARKOS MEFAR Nebula Nuovo/MB5, ARTSANA Maxaer/Medic-Aid Sidestream) were tested.
- Evaluated nebulization time, output rate, compressor pressure, and aerosol particle size distribution for four ICS (Beclomethasone dipropionate, Flunisolide, Fluticasone propionate, Budesonide).
Main Results:
- Significant variations in nebulization time and drug output were observed across different nebulizer and ICS combinations.
- Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) varied significantly among the four nebulizers.
- The percentage of respirable particles (<5 microm) was high for beclomethasone and budesonide but varied for flunisolide and fluticasone depending on the device.
Conclusions:
- Compressor/nebulizer device choice is crucial for effective inhaled corticosteroid therapy.
- Significant performance differences exist among nebulizers, impacting clinical response in lower airway inflammatory diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Inhaled Medications
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
01:25Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
01:26COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
01:30Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...