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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
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Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
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Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

Amphiphilic self-assemblies decorated by nucleobases.

Debora Berti1, Francesca Baldelli Bombelli, Martina Fortini

  • 1Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastrucccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy. berti@csgi.unfi.it

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|September 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nucleic acid-lipid conjugates (nucleolipids) self-assemble into various structures. Modifying the lipid chain length and base type allows fine-tuning of these assemblies through specific polar head interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Phosphatidyl-nucleosides are functional amphiphiles combining lipid and nucleic acid components.
  • These molecules self-organize in aqueous solutions, forming diverse assemblies.
  • Understanding their aggregation behavior is key to designing novel functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the aggregation behavior of different phosphatidyl-nucleosides.
  • To investigate the influence of hydrophobic chain length and base substitution on self-assembly.
  • To elucidate the role of specific polar head interactions in controlling aggregate properties.

Main Methods:

  • Surface tension measurements
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS)
  • Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM)
  • Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • Hydrophobic chain length and base substitution significantly impact solution phase behavior.
  • Nucleic acid functionalization offers an additional control parameter for self-assembly via polar head interactions.
  • Mixing complementary nucleolipids induces nonideal effects, altering aggregation thresholds and mesoscale properties.

Conclusions:

  • Phosphatidyl-nucleosides offer tunable self-assembly properties.
  • Specific interactions between nucleoside bases play a crucial role in aggregate formation and characteristics.
  • These findings advance the design principles for nucleolipid-based functional materials.