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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Reproducible Intensive Care Unit-Oriented Endotoxin Model in Rats
Published on: February 20, 2021
Long-term outcomes from sepsis
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 642A Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. yendes@upmc.edu
Abstract:
Long-term mortality following severe sepsis is high, and fewer than half of patients who experience severe sepsis are alive at 1 year. Mechanisms underlying increased long-term mortality remain poorly understood. Animal and human studies suggest that abnormalities of the innate immune system may contribute to increased long-term mortality. This review article examines the epidemiology and potential mechanisms underlying long-term outcomes from sepsis and challenges to conducting long-term outcome studies in the critically ill.
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