Ruminal degradability and lysine bioavailability of soybean meals and effects on performance of dairy cows

Evaluations of 4 soybean meal (SBM) products were conducted in 3 experiments. The 4 products were 1) solvent SBM (SSBM), 2) SSBM treated with 0.05% baker's yeast and toasted at 100 degrees C (YSBM), 3) expeller SBM (ESBM), and 4) lignosulfonate-treated SBM (LSBM). Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 32; 152 +/- 63 d in milk; body weight = 708 +/- 77 kg; producing 41 +/- 7 kg/d of milk at the beginning of the study) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods to investigate cow responsiveness to supplemental ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) from the SBM products. Dietary treatments were formulated by substituting all of the SSBM and part of the ground corn with YSBM, ESBM, or LSBM to yield isonitrogenous diets. Diets were formulated to provide adequate ruminally degradable protein, but deficient RUP and metabolizable protein supplies. No differences among dietary treatments were observed for dry matter intake, body weight gain, milk and component yields, or efficiency of milk production. The lack of response to changes in SBM source was likely due to an adequate RUP and metabolizable protein supply by all the diets. In situ ruminal degradations of YSBM and LSBM were slower than those of SSBM or ESBM; thus, RUP contents of YSBM and LSBM were greater than those of SSBM or ESBM. The RUP of all SBM products had similar small intestinal digestibility. Available Lys contents, estimated chemically or by using a chick growth assay, were less for YSBM and LSBM than for SSBM or ESBM, suggesting deleterious effects of processing on Lys availability in YSBM and LSBM.