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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Leukemia as a second malignancy.

Megha S Uppin¹, T Roshni Paul, Senthil Rajappa

¹Department of Pathology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Punjagutta, Hyderabad.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology

|September 22, 2007

Summary

This study investigated leukemia as a second malignancy after initial cancers. Secondary leukemia, often acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2), showed aggressive behavior and poor outcomes in treated patients.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Hematology
Cancer Research

Background:

Secondary malignancies, including leukemia, can arise after treatment for primary cancers.
Understanding the incidence and characteristics of therapy-related leukemia is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence of leukemia as a second malignancy following various primary solid and hematological malignancies.
To analyze the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of secondary leukemia.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 11 cases of leukemia presenting as a second malignancy over 15 years (1990-2005).
Review of primary diagnoses, treatments received (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), and leukemia subtypes.

Main Results:

Primary malignancies included breast carcinoma, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and others.
Acute myeloid leukemia subtype M2 (AML-M2) was the most common secondary leukemia.
Secondary leukemia exhibited aggressive behavior, with all patients dying within one month of follow-up.

Conclusions:

The risk-benefit of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary malignancies requires careful consideration due to the potential for secondary leukemia.
A high index of suspicion and vigilant hematological monitoring are essential for detecting therapy-related complications.