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AML1-ETO positive AML: first report from India.

Pankhi Dutta1, Syed K Hasan, Sudha Sazawal

  • 1Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|September 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Translocation (8;21) occurs in 28.57% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) cases. This genetic marker, AML1-ETO, was linked to lower blast counts but not morphology or long-term survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Translocation (8;21) is a genetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
  • It is typically associated with a favorable prognosis and subtle morphological features.
  • The AML1-ETO fusion transcript is a hallmark of this translocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of the AML1-ETO fusion transcript in AML and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with increased blasts.
  • To investigate the correlation between AML1-ETO positivity and clinical, hematological, and morphological parameters.
  • To explore the potential role of AML1-ETO in MDS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 35 patients with AML and MDS meeting FAB criteria.
  • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the AML1-ETO fusion transcript.

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  • Evaluation of clinical, hematological (including absolute blast count), and morphological data.

    • Main Results:

    • The overall incidence of AML1-ETO was 28.57%.
    • AML1-ETO positivity showed a direct correlation with a lower absolute blast count (ABC).
    • No significant correlation was found with other clinical or hematological parameters, or morphological features.
    • Notably, one-third of MDS cases tested positive for the AML1-ETO transcript.

    Conclusions:

    • The AML1-ETO fusion transcript is present in a significant subset of AML and MDS patients.
    • Its presence is associated with a lower absolute blast count, suggesting a potential role in disease biology.
    • Further investigation into AML1-ETO in MDS is warranted.
    • Morphological assessment alone is insufficient for predicting AML1-ETO positivity.