Microvascular transplantation after acute myocardial infarction

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate epicardial transplantation of an intact microvascular network for treatment of myocardial ischemia in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction. We describe transplantation of an intact microvascular network constructed from isolated microvascular segments stabilized in a 3-dimensional matrix to the epicardial surface after acute myocardial infarction. This microvascular graft was implanted as a patch on the epicardium of mice after left coronary artery ligation. After 14 and 28 days of implantation, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed and grafts evaluated via histology and cytochemistry. Inosculation of microvessels within the graft with host coronary microcirculation occurred as early as 7 days after initial tissue grafting. Morphologic evaluation of the grafts revealed arterioles, venules, capillaries, and erythrocytes within vascular lumina. Control grafts of collagen alone remained avascular. LV infarct size was smaller, and LV function improved in treated animals. Engraftment of whole microvascular units can be achieved to support cell-assisted vascular remodeling. Microvascular grafts may provide therapeutic benefit as a primary treatment or serve as a microvascular platform for cardiac repair and regeneration.