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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Autoimmunity and pathophysiology.

Ioannis A Tsonis1, Stratis Avrameas, Haralampos M Moutsopoulos

  • 1National University of Athens, School of Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Athens, Greece.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|September 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural autoimmunity is essential for immunity against infections and cancer. However, genetic and environmental factors can trigger an exaggerated response, leading to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Autoimmunity, the immune system's response against self-antigens, is crucial for effective immunity against pathogens and cancer.
  • A delicate balance exists between physiological autoimmunity, necessary for immune function, and pathological autoimmunity, which underlies autoimmune diseases.
  • Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, including infections and UV radiation, can precipitate the transition from natural to harmful autoimmunity.

Discussion:

  • The meeting "Autoimmunity: Physiological and Pathophysiological Aspects" convened experts to discuss the multifaceted nature of autoimmunity.
  • Key areas of discussion included the mechanisms underlying natural autoimmunity and its dysregulation in disease states.
  • Exploration of the intricate links between physiological and pathological autoimmunity was central to the discussions.

Key Insights:

  • Natural autoimmunity plays a vital role in host defense mechanisms.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence the development of autoimmune diseases in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • Understanding the continuum between physiological and pathological autoimmunity is critical for therapeutic advancements.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the interplay between genetics and environment is needed to elucidate autoimmune disease etiology.
  • Developing targeted therapies that modulate aberrant immune responses while preserving protective autoimmunity is a key future direction.
  • Continued investigation into the physiological roles of autoimmunity may reveal novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease control.