Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The de Broglie Wavelength

The de Broglie Wavelength

In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...

Travelling Waves

Travelling Waves

A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is water;...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Enhancing plasmonic superconductivity in layered materials via dynamical Coulomb engineering.

NPJ 2D materials and applications·2026

Same author

Two-level atom witness of thermalization of multimode optical fibers.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025

Same author

Eculizumab as Treatment in Refractory Impeding and Myasthenic Crisis: A Case Series.

Neurocritical care·2025

Same author

Quantum simulator to emulate lower-dimensional molecular structure.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2023

Same author

Strongly Correlated Exciton-Magnetization System for Optical Spin Pumping in CrBr<sub>3</sub> and CrI<sub>3</sub> .

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2023

Same author

Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective.

Nano letters·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Intrinsic ripples in graphene.

A Fasolino¹, J H Los, M I Katsnelson

¹Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.fasolino@science.ru.nl

Nature Materials

|September 25, 2007

Summary

Thermal fluctuations cause ripples in two-dimensional (2D) graphene membranes. These ripples spontaneously appear with a size distribution compatible with experimental findings, impacting graphene

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Computational Physics

Background:

Theoretical debate exists regarding the stability of two-dimensional (2D) layers and membranes.
Mermin-Wagner theorem suggests long-wavelength fluctuations disrupt 2D crystal order.
2D membranes in 3D space tend to crumple due to fluctuations, though anharmonic coupling can suppress this.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the nature of height fluctuations in two-dimensional membranes, particularly graphene.
Understand the mechanisms behind graphene stability, crucial for its electronic properties.
Correlate theoretical predictions with experimental observations of ripples in suspended graphene.

Main Methods:

Employed atomistic Monte Carlo simulations.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moiré Superlattice Devices

Published on: July 11, 2025

Utilized a highly accurate many-body interatomic potential for carbon.

Analyzed the spontaneous appearance and size distribution of ripples.

Main Results:

Ripples spontaneously emerge in 2D graphene due to thermal fluctuations.
Observed a ripple size distribution peaked around 80 Å.
This finding aligns with experimental observations of ripples in suspended graphene (50-100 Å).

Conclusions:

Thermal fluctuations are a key mechanism for ripple formation in graphene.
The multiplicity of chemical bonding in carbon may contribute to this phenomenon.
The study provides insights into graphene's stability and its implications for electronic transport.