Neurocognitive correlates of child obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome

This study investigated the neurocognitive correlates of childhood OCD and TS, which are purported to share frontal-striatal dysfunction. Neurocognitive measures tapping frontal-striatal functions such as executive, attention/memory, and visuomotor abilities were administered to three groups of participants, OCD without comorbid TS (OCD), TS without comorbid OCD (TS), and normal controls. Results suggested that OCD group demonstrated deficits in the area of spatial attention relative to healthy controls. The OCD participants demonstrated no cognitive deficits compared to the TS group. TS participants showed trends towards impairments in the areas of response inhibition, divided attention, and cognitive flexibility relative to the OCD and normal control groups. Spatial attention deficits for the OCD group are partially consistent with adult OCD studies indicating deficits in spatial memory. TS findings were less robust and may be construed tentatively as suggestive of executive function deficits. Future research is needed to delineate the influence of development on neurocognitive deficits associated with OCD and TS.