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Related Concept Videos

Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV

Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

Prevalence, consequences, and solutions.

Dennis G Maki1, Nasia Safdar, Steven C Ebert

  • 1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. dgmaki@medicine.wisc.edu

Pharmacotherapy
|October 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat, spreading from hospitals to communities. Combating this requires patient and prescriber education and antimicrobial stewardship.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has escalated since antibiotic discovery.
  • AMR is no longer confined to healthcare settings, impacting community health.
  • Emergence of resistance complicates treatment and necessitates new strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.
  • To discuss the limitations of developing new antibiotics.
  • To emphasize the need for non-pharmacological interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on antimicrobial resistance trends.
  • Analysis of the impact of antibiotic use in hospital and community settings.
  • Evaluation of current strategies to combat resistance.

Main Results:

  • Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread and increasing problem.
  • Newer, more expensive antibiotics have not solved the resistance issue.
  • Community-acquired infections are increasingly resistant to standard treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Patient and prescriber education are crucial for antimicrobial stewardship.
  • Implementing robust antimicrobial stewardship programs is essential.
  • A global approach is needed to avert an antimicrobial resistance catastrophe.