Electrically addressable diazonium-functionalized antibodies for multianalyte electrochemical sensor applications

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Electrochemical immunosensing offers sensitive detection of biomarkers.
• Direct antibody immobilization is crucial for biosensor development.
• Controlling antibody density and minimizing non-specific binding are key challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate direct electrically addressable deposition of diazonium-modified antibodies for electrochemical immunosensing.
• To demonstrate precise control over antibody functionalization and minimize non-specific grafting.
• To validate the technique for sandwich immunoassays and multi-target protein detection.

Main Methods:

• Electrically addressable deposition of diazonium-modified antibodies.
• Detection using electroactive enzyme tags and nanoparticle-gold labeling.
• Fabrication and testing of microelectrode arrays for selective addressing.

Main Results:

• Successful direct electrical deposition of antibodies with controlled functionalization density.
• Minimal spontaneous grafting of diazonium-antibody adducts observed.
• Demonstrated utility in a sandwich immunoassay format.
• Selective addressing of closely spaced microelectrodes for multi-target detection.

Conclusions:

• Direct electrically addressable antibody deposition is a viable technique for electrochemical immunosensing.
• The method provides control over immobilization and enables sensitive detection.
• The array format facilitates multiplexed detection of proteins.