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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

5.2K
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene01:17

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of HX to 1,3-Butadiene

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The electrophilic addition of hydrogen halides such as HBr to alkenes and nonconjugated dienes gives a single product as per Markovnikov’s rule.
6.5K
Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

16.7K
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
16.7K
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

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3.3K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
3.3K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

9.3K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
9.3K
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene01:14

Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene

2.9K
Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
2.9K

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of PhosphorusI
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Reaction of Dichlorophenylborane with H-Si(100).

Esther Frederick1, Quinn Campbell1, Angelica Benavidez2

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States.

ACS Omega
|December 20, 2021
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Summary

Researchers developed a new solvothermal method for creating direct boron-silicon bonds, crucial for next-generation electronic materials. This approach avoids carbon-silicon bonds, enabling enhanced electronic properties in silicon (Si).

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional silicon (Si) functionalization relies on indirect dopant attachment via O-Si or C-Si bonds.
  • Direct B-Si bonds offer superior electronic properties, positioning Si as a next-generation electronic material.
  • Solvothermal methods are sought for scalable synthesis of direct dopant-Si bonds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reactivity of dichlorophenylborane with H-Si(100) under solvothermal conditions.
  • To explore a novel solvothermal route for forming direct boron-silicon (B-Si) bonds.
  • To assess the potential of this method for next-generation electronic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of dichlorophenylborane reaction with H-Si(100).
  • Computational studies to analyze reaction pathways and product formation.
  • Characterization of B-Si bond formation using solvothermal synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Dichlorophenylborane reacts with H-Si(100) to form direct B-Si bonds.
  • The phenyl group remains attached to boron, preventing competitive Si-C bond formation.
  • A new solvothermal method for direct B-Si bond synthesis was established.

Conclusions:

  • The phenyl-substituted boron precursor facilitates direct B-Si bond formation via a novel solvothermal route.
  • This method avoids undesired Si-C bond formation, crucial for achieving desired electronic properties.
  • The developed technique holds promise for scalable production of advanced silicon-based electronic materials.