Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Cu doped GaN nanowires

We report magnetism in Cu doped single-crystalline GaN nanowires. The typical diameter and the length of the Ga1-xCuxN nanowires (x = 0.01, 0.024) are 10-100 nm and tens of micrometers, respectively. The saturation magnetic moments are measured to be higher than 0.86 microB/Cu at 300 K, and the Curie temperatures are far above room temperature. Anomalous X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction measurement make it clear that Cu atoms substitute the Ga sites, and they largely take part in the wurtzite network of host GaN. X-ray absorption and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra at Cu L(2,3) edges show that doped Cu has local magnetic moment and the electronic configuration of it is mainly 3d9 but mixed with a small portion of trivalent component. It seems that the ionocovalent bonding nature of Cu 3d orbital with surrounding semiconductor medium makes Cu atom a mixed electron configuration and local magnetic moments. These outcomes suggest that the Ga1-xCuxN system is a room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor.