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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems01:08

Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems

In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall. The coating...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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An overview of sequential injection chromatography.

Petr Chocholous1, Petr Solich, Dalibor Satínský

  • 1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|October 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) offers a fast, automated, and miniaturized alternative to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This flow-based method enables on-line separation of complex samples, reducing consumption of reagents and improving efficiency for pharmaceutical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chromatography
  • Flow Analysis

Background:

  • Sequential Injection Analysis (SIA) has evolved into Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC), a powerful technique for sample analysis.
  • Traditional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) faces limitations in speed and sample throughput for certain applications.
  • Flow-based analytical methods offer advantages like automation, miniaturization, and reduced reagent consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) as an alternative to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
  • To discuss the application of SIC for the determination of pharmaceutical mixtures.
  • To outline current trends and advancements in SIC for chromatographic separations.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of short monolithic chromatographic columns within the SIA system.
  • Development of low-pressure flow systems for on-line chromatographic separation.
  • Utilizing flow programming and sample manipulation capabilities inherent to SIA.

Main Results:

  • SIC demonstrates significant potential as a rapid and efficient analytical technique.
  • The integration of chromatography into SIA allows for the separation of multi-compound samples.
  • SIC offers advantages in automation, miniaturization, and reduced consumption of samples and mobile phases compared to HPLC.

Conclusions:

  • Sequential Injection Chromatography (SIC) is a consolidated and advantageous alternative to HPLC for analyzing simple and complex pharmaceutical mixtures.
  • The technique's benefits include speed, automation, miniaturization, and cost-effectiveness.
  • SIC represents a promising trend in flow-based analytical chemistry, particularly for pharmaceutical analysis.