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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies
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Development and Maintenance of a Preclinical Patient Derived Tumor Xenograft Model for the Investigation of Novel Anti-Cancer Therapies

Published on: September 30, 2016

Targeted therapy in rectal cancer.

Christopher G Willett1, Dan G Duda, Brian G Czito

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. christopher.willett@duke.edu

Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Targeted therapies like cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) show promise in treating colorectal and rectal cancers. Combining these agents with radiation and chemotherapy may improve patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are overexpressed in colorectal cancer, correlating with poor prognosis.
  • Anti-EGFR (cetuximab) and anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) therapies are established in metastatic colorectal cancer treatment.
  • Retrospective studies suggest EGFR-expressing rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation have worse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review completed and ongoing trials investigating anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF agents in rectal cancer.
  • To evaluate the rationale for combining cetuximab with neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
  • To explore the mechanisms of VEGF-targeted therapy, including tumor vessel damage and radiosensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data for anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF agents in colorectal and rectal cancers.
  • Analysis of preclinical models demonstrating synergy between EGFR inhibitors and radiation.
  • Examination of the impact of VEGF blockade on tumor vasculature and drug penetration.

Main Results:

  • Cetuximab is approved for metastatic colorectal cancer and shows potential in neoadjuvant rectal cancer settings.
  • Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF agent, is used in metastatic colorectal cancer and may enhance radiosensitivity.
  • VEGF blockade can normalize tumor vasculature, improving oxygenation and treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • There is a strong rationale for combining cetuximab with neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
  • VEGF-targeted therapies offer potential benefits in rectal cancer by damaging tumor vasculature and increasing radiosensitivity.
  • Ongoing trials are crucial for clarifying the role of these targeted agents in rectal cancer treatment.