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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Silent development of memory progenitor B cells.

Katja Aviszus1, Xianghua Zhang, Lawrence J Wysocki

  • 1Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|October 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Immune responses create plasma and memory B cells. This study shows memory B cells can mature without simultaneously producing plasma cells, challenging previous models.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • T cell-dependent immune responses generate long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, both expressing hypermutated antibody (Ab) genes.
  • The precise relationship between plasma cell and memory B cell development, originating from the germinal center reaction, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether memory B cell development obligatorily requires concomitant plasma cell generation.
  • To explore the conditions under which B cell clones undergo extensive affinity/specificity maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional segregation of plasma cell and memory B cell development using a series of closely spaced antigen (Ag) injections during germinal center development.
  • Analysis of serum antibody (Ab) levels and affinity.
  • Assessment of memory B cell recall responses after a booster injection and a short rest period.

Main Results:

  • A series of Ag injections promoted low-affinity serum Ab production, indicating a strong signal drives plasma cell development.
  • Distinct, functionally silent memory B cell populations with high affinity/specificity maturation were generated, lacking corresponding serum Ab.
  • These memory B cells could be induced to form Ab-producing cells after a brief rest period followed by a booster injection.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma cell development can be functionally separated from memory B cell development.
  • Extensive affinity/specificity maturation of memory B cells can occur within a B cell clone independently of simultaneous plasma cell generation.
  • Results support a revised model of B cell memory development under specific antigen exposure conditions.