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The 'trough effect': an ultrasound study.

Yolanda Vazquez-Alvarez1, Nigel Hewlett

  • 1Speech and Hearing Sciences/Speech Science Research Centre (SSRC), Queen Margaret University, Corstorphine Campus, Edinburgh, UK. uva_es@yahoo.com

Phonetica
|October 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The tongue lowers during bilabial stop sounds in VCV sequences, a phenomenon known as the "trough effect." Ultrasound imaging revealed individual differences in tongue movement and shape during these speech events.

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Area of Science:

  • Phonetics
  • Speech Science
  • Biomechanics of Speech

Background:

  • The 'trough effect,' characterized by tongue lowering during bilabial stops in VCV sequences, remains unexplained.
  • Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for analyzing time-varying speech events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes of the 'trough effect' in bilabial stops.
  • To utilize ultrasound technology for real-time tongue shape and displacement measurement during speech.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrasound imaging was employed to capture real-time tongue contours.
  • Ten British English speakers produced symmetrical V(1)CV(2) sequences with bilabial stops /b/ and /p/.
  • Tongue displacement and contour configurations were analyzed across multiple repetitions and subjects.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in the direction and magnitude of tongue displacement were observed.
  • Differences in tongue contour configurations were identified among participants.
  • Ultrasound proved effective for analyzing tongue surface movements in phonetic research.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound imaging is a valuable tool for phonetic research, enabling detailed analysis of tongue movements.
  • Individual variability exists in tongue kinematics during the production of bilabial stops.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms behind the 'trough effect'.