Vertical dimension: a dynamic concept based on facial form and oropharyngeal function

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Facial Aesthetics

Background:

• Craniofacial vertical dimension offers superior facial proportion assessment compared to mid/lower face measurements.
• Craniomaxillary dimension is skeletally determined, while lower facial height depends on the vertical dimension of occlusion.
• Altering the vertical dimension of occlusion significantly impacts soft facial tissue esthetics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the significance of craniofacial vertical dimension in facial esthetics.
• To investigate the relationship between the vertical dimension of occlusion and facial balance.
• To highlight the role of the occlusal plane in determining the vertical dimension of occlusion.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on craniofacial vertical dimension and occlusion.
• Analysis of the influence of skeletal and occlusal factors on facial height.
• Consideration of the "Golden Proportion" in facial esthetics.

Main Results:

• Facial balance and occlusal plane location are primary determinants of the vertical dimension of occlusion.
• Deficiencies in lower facial balance (brachyfacial types) are linked to insufficient occlusal plane height.
• Skeletal muscle pliability allows for physiological variance in vertical facial height, with temporomandibular joint compliance noted.

Conclusions:

• Establishing an appropriate vertical dimension of occlusion is critical for optimal facial balance and esthetics.
• Understanding the interplay between skeletal structure, occlusal vertical dimension, and muscle physiology is essential.
• The occlusal plane's position is a key factor in achieving harmonious facial proportions.