Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
Published on: May 3, 2015
The influence of the reference electrode in recording F-waves
N Takahashi1, T Otsuka, S Okahashi
1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Higashisaitama National Hospital, Hasuda, Saitama, Japan. nobushige-t@umin.ac.jp
Objective:
To demonstrate that many tibial F-waves can be recorded with the tendon electrode and to declare the importance of the "reference" electrode in F-wave recording.
Methods:
In eight lower extremities of four healthy subjects, tibial and fibular F-waves were recorded with the belly and tendon electrodes separately, using the opposite foot electrode as a reference site.
Results:
It was found that the mean tibial F-wave persistence proportions were 51.5% with the belly electrode and 86.7% with the tendon electrode. A greater number of tibial F-waves were recorded with the tendon electrode than the belly electrode, while few peroneal F-waves were recorded with the tendon electrode.
Conclusion:
Many of the standard tibial F-waves were recorded with the tendon "reference" electrode.
Significance:
This phenomenon might be a clue to the difference of the F-wave persistence between the tibial and the peroneal nerves.
Related Concept Videos
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
Standard Electrode Potentials
Reflection of Waves
Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements
The Electrical Double Layer
Standing Electromagnetic Waves
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...

