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Related Concept Videos

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear01:23

Relation Between the Distributed Load and Shear

Understanding the relationship between the distributed load and shear force in structural analysis is crucial for analyzing beams subjected to various loading conditions. Consider the case of a beam experiencing a distributed load, two concentrated loads, and a couple moment.
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Normal and Shear Force01:14

Normal and Shear Force

When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
09:00

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

Published on: September 29, 2019

Spatial force correlations in granular shear flow. I. Numerical evidence.

Gregg Lois1, Anaël Lemaître, Jean M Carlson

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Increasing granular flow density causes a transition from simple collisions to complex force networks. This study reveals how these networks dramatically alter contact force statistics in dense granular materials.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
09:00

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Published on: September 29, 2019

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Published on: February 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Engineering

Background:

  • Granular shear flow is crucial in many natural and industrial processes.
  • Understanding particle interactions is key to predicting material behavior.
  • Existing models often simplify the complex correlations in dense granular flows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence and impact of correlations in simulated granular shear flow.
  • To identify the transition point from dilute to dense flow regimes.
  • To characterize the role of force networks in granular dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating granular shear flow at varying densities.
  • Analyzing particle interactions, focusing on binary collisions versus collective motion.
  • Quantifying force networks using two-point force correlations.
  • Examining changes in contact force statistics.

Main Results:

  • Observed a transition from dilute (binary collisions) to dense (force networks) regimes with increasing density.
  • Identified that grains form networks of simultaneous contacts in dense flow.
  • Found significant changes in contact force statistics correlated with the growth of force networks.

Conclusions:

  • Density is a critical parameter driving the emergence of correlations in granular shear flow.
  • Force networks play a significant role in the collective behavior and force transmission.
  • The findings provide insights into the physics of dense granular materials.