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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems

A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Film Control to Study Contributions of Waves to Droplet Impact Dynamics on Thin Flowing Liquid Films
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Published on: August 18, 2018

Dynamical effects and phase separation in cooled binary fluid films.

Lennon O Náraigh1, Jean-Luc Thiffeault

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study models phase separation in thin films, revealing how fluid flow and concentration gradients influence film thinning and roughening. The alignment of phase domains under shear stress depends critically on the strength of this concentration-flow interaction.

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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Surface physics

Background:

  • Phase separation is crucial in various material processes.
  • Understanding thin film behavior is key for applications.
  • Interactions between fluid dynamics and concentration gradients are complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and analyze phase separation in thin films.
  • To investigate the interplay between concentration gradients and fluid flow.
  • To compare numerical simulations with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a model based on Navier-Stokes Cahn-Hilliard equations.
  • Employed the lubrication approximation for thin films.
  • Incorporated van der Waals potential for substrate-film interactions.
  • Solved thin-film equations numerically.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately captures qualitative features of phase-separating fluids.
  • Concentration gradients were shown to cause film thinning and surface roughening.
  • The dynamical back reaction of concentration gradients on flow significantly impacts phase separation outcomes.
  • Domain boundary alignment under shear stress shifts from parallel to perpendicular with increasing back-reaction strength.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the critical role of the concentration-flow feedback loop in thin film phase separation.
  • Numerical modeling provides valuable insights into complex fluid phenomena.
  • Results offer a foundation for controlling thin film morphology through applied stress.