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Related Concept Videos

Transposons01:24

Transposons

1.1K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

18.6K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.0K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.0K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

19.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.3K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

13.0K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.0K
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

7.4K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.4K

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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

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Discovering and detecting transposable elements in genome sequences.

Casey M Bergman1, Hadi Quesneville

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. casey.bergman@manchester.ac.uk

Briefings in Bioinformatics
|October 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs) significantly impact genome evolution and sequencing. This review explores innovative computational methods for identifying and annotating TEs, crucial for understanding genome dynamics.

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) play a critical role in shaping genome structure and evolution.
  • Analyzing TEs presents challenges in genome sequencing, assembly, annotation, and alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diverse computational approaches for identifying and annotating transposable elements (TEs) in the post-genomic era.
  • To cover methods for discovering new TE families and detecting individual TE copies within genome sequences.

Main Methods:

  • De novo methods for identifying novel TEs.
  • Homology-based methods utilizing sequence similarity.
  • Structure-based methods analyzing TE structural features.
  • Comparative genomic methods for cross-species analysis.

Main Results:

  • A wide spectrum of computational biology approaches exists for TE analysis.
  • Methods range from discovering new TE families to pinpointing individual TE instances.
  • Current techniques address challenges in genome sequencing and annotation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating multiple analytical approaches enhances TE annotation accuracy.
  • Developing novel conceptual representations for TE data is essential.
  • Advanced computational analysis will further elucidate the dynamic nature of TEs in genomes.