Current prospects for the production of coenzyme Q10 in microbes

Coenzyme Q or ubiquinone (UQ) is a naturally occurring coenzyme formed from the conjugation of a benzoquinone ring and an isoprenoid chain of varying length. UQ-10, the main UQ species produced by humans, provides therapeutic benefits in certain human diseases, such as cardiomyopathy, when administered orally. Increased consumer demand has led to the development of bioprocesses for the commercial production of UQ-10. Up to now, these processes have relied on microbes that produce high levels of UQ-10 naturally. However, as knowledge of the biosynthetic enzymes and of regulatory mechanisms modulating UQ production increases, opportunities arise for the genetic engineering of UQ-10 production in hosts, such as Escherichia coli, that are better suited for commercial fermentation. We present the various strategies used up to now to improve and/or engineer UQ-10 production in microbes and analyze yields obtained in light of the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of this molecule.