Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

04:50
Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
Published on: May 16, 2025
[Functional outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients]
P Perić1, B Curković, D Babić-Naglić
1Klinika za reumatske bolesti i rehabilitaciju, KBC Rebro, Zagreb, Kispatićeva 12.
Reumatizam
|October 18, 2007
Summary
The Stanford Health Assessment (HAQ) is a valid tool for assessing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disability in Croatia. Minor terminology adjustments enhance its usability for patients.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Health Assessment Tools
- Disability Measurement
Context:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) poses significant disability challenges.
- Accurate disability assessment is crucial for RA patient management.
- The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) is a widely used tool.
Purpose:
- To validate and adapt the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) for the Croatian population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
- To evaluate the HAQ's usability, scoring simplicity, and time efficiency in a clinical setting.
- To identify and address potential terminology and scoring ambiguities within the HAQ.
Summary:
- The study involved 101 Croatian patients with RA, assessing disability using the HAQ.
- Patients completed the HAQ, with some receiving prior instructions and others interviewed by a rheumatologist.
- Results indicated the HAQ is user-friendly, easy to score, and time-efficient, though minor modifications improved clarity, particularly for scores 1 and 2.
Impact:
- The adapted HAQ is suitable for assessing RA disability in Croatia, requiring minimal terminology changes.
- The study highlights the HAQ's potential for routine clinical use in RA patient monitoring.
- Proposed modifications enhance the HAQ's precision in capturing patient-reported functional status.
Related Concept Videos
T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents
Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...