Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination

In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

α-Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: Hell–Volhard–Zelinski Reaction

The method to achieve α-brominated carboxylic acids using a mixture of phosphorus tribromide and bromine is known as the Hell–Volhard–Zelinski reaction. The reaction is catalyzed by phosphorus tribromide, which can be used directly or produced in situ from red phosphorus and bromine. The mechanism comprises PBr3 catalyzed conversion of acid to acid bromide and hydrogen bromide. The acid bromide enolizes to its enol form in the presence of HBr. The nucleophilic enol attacks the bromine molecule...

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparative and Critical Analysis of Immune-based Combinations for First-line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Clinical genitourinary cancer·2026

Same author

Evaluating the reimbursement and cost-effectiveness of ureteroscopy for treating ureteral calculi: Pre-stented versus non-stented primary procedures.

Urologia·2026

Same author

PD-1 inhibitor treatment outcomes for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in patients over 85: a comparative analysis.

The oncologist·2026

Same author

Chest CT in Testicular Mass Evaluation: A Stepwise Approach to Minimize Radiation Exposure.

Urologia internationalis·2026

Same author

Vibostolimab coformulated with pembrolizumab versus pembrolizumab alone as adjuvant therapy for high-risk stage IIB-IV melanoma (KEYVIBE-010): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study.

The Lancet. Oncology·2026

Same author

CT Body Composition Changes Predict Survival in Immunotherapy-Treated Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Cancers·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Bromine--the red cloud approaching.

Igor Makarovsky¹, Gal Markel, Azik Hoffman

¹CBRN Medicine Branch, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces.

The Israel Medical Association Journal : IMAJ

|October 18, 2007

Summary

Bromine exposure requires immediate supportive care to prevent tissue damage. Emergency personnel must understand bromine

More Related Videos

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy

Published on: February 25, 2021

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy

Early Detection of Cyanobacterial Blooms and Associated Cyanotoxins using Fast Detection Strategy

Published on: February 25, 2021

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Emergency Medicine
Occupational Health

Background:

Bromine is a potent irritant with significant health risks.
Exposure can occur via liquid or fume forms.
Characteristic reddish-brown color aids identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To inform medical personnel about bromine's health effects.
To outline essential safety precautions for treating bromine exposure.
To emphasize timely medical intervention.

Main Methods:

Review of bromine's chemical properties and irritant effects.
Analysis of medical management strategies for chemical exposures.
Emphasis on emergency department protocols.

Main Results:

Bromine causes severe irritation.
Supportive and symptomatic therapy is the primary treatment.
Prompt treatment is crucial to minimize damage.

Conclusions:

Medical staff require knowledge of bromine's health hazards.
Safety protocols are vital for casualty care.
Rapid response improves patient outcomes.