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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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A Contemporary Warming/Restraining Device for Efficient Tail Vein Injections in a Murine Fungal Sepsis Model
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Common variable immunodeficiency: an uncommon disease with high mortality.

A Gordon Brandau1, Charles A Gilbert

  • 1Primerica Life Insurance Company, 3210 Breckinridge Boulevard, Duluth, GA 30099, USA. gordon.brandau@pfsfhq.com

Journal of Insurance Medicine (New York, N.Y.)
|October 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) patients face significantly higher mortality rates, even when diagnosed young. This study highlights increased mortality ratios and excess death rates in CVID individuals.

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Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by low immunoglobulin levels and poor antibody response.
  • Diagnosis involves low immunoglobulin subgroups and inadequate response to antigens, excluding specific genetic or secondary causes.
  • Patients were identified and managed at Mt. Sinai Medical Center between 1973 and 1998.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of CVID.
  • To review existing literature on CVID.
  • To conduct a mortality analysis of CVID patients.

Main Methods:

  • Standard mortality methodology was employed.
  • Calculations included observed and expected mortality, mortality ratios, and confidence intervals.
  • Data were derived from a Kaplan-Meier curve over 20 years of follow-up.

Main Results:

  • The cohort included patients aged 3-79, with mean diagnosis ages of 29 (males) and 33 (females).
  • Mean follow-up was 7 years, with survival rates of 64% (males) and 67% (females).
  • Mortality ratios were significantly elevated at 526% for males and 639% for females.

Conclusions:

  • CVID patients exhibit markedly increased mortality ratios and excess death rates.
  • These findings were statistically significant (95% confidence level).
  • Elevated mortality persists despite young age and high functionality in CVID patients.