Evaluation of apical surface roughness after root resection: a scanning electron microscopic study

Area of Science:

• Endodontics
• Dental Materials Science
• Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Root resection is a surgical procedure to treat persistent periapical infections.
• Surface characteristics of the resected root apex can influence healing and periodontal ligament cell attachment.
• Optimizing root apex preparation is crucial for successful endodontic surgery outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the surface smoothness of resected root apices prepared with different instruments.
• Evaluate the efficacy of a #699 bur, #699 bur with Shofu finishing, and an erbium:YAG laser for root apex preparation.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-nine extracted human premolars underwent root resection after instrumentation and obturation.
• Roots were divided into four groups based on preparation method: #699 bur, #699 bur plus Shofu finishing, Zekrya bur, and erbium:YAG laser.
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at x400 magnification assessed surface smoothness, with scores from 0 to 3.

Main Results:

• The #699 bur and #699 bur plus Shofu finishing groups exhibited significantly smoother root apex surfaces.
• The erbium:YAG laser group resulted in significantly rougher and more irregular root apex surfaces compared to the bur groups (P < .05).

Conclusions:

• The combination of a #699 bur and Shofu finishing provides superior root apex surface smoothness after resection.
• Erbium:YAG laser preparation leads to a rougher root apex surface, potentially impacting clinical outcomes.