[Glomerulopathies associated to HIV infection: a Spanish perspective]

HIV nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most frequent cause of chronic renal failure in HIV-infected black patients. However, the prevalence of other glomerulopathies mediated by immunocomplexes has increased in the last years. We report on the glomerular diseases observed in HIV patients in our Hospital.

A retrospective study of all patients with HIV infection and glomerular diseases diagnosed by renal biopsy.

We found 27 patients with the following glomerular diseases: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in 8 patients, non-collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 7, IgA nephropaty (IgA N) in 6, collapsing glomerulosclerosis in 4 (HIVAN, and membranous nephropaty (MN) in 2. Most of patients were young white men. A high prevalence of coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (77.8%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (37%) was found. At diagnosis, most of patients (90%) had proteinuria, with nephrotic syndrome in 52% of them; 59% presented with acute renal failure. Nine patients (33%) showed malignant hypertension at diagnosis: this complication was particularly common among IgA N patients (4/6, 66%).

In our Hospital, immunocomplex-mediated glomerulonephritis were more frequent than HIVAN among HIV-infected patients. HCV-associated MPGN was the most frequently detected glomerular disease. A high prevalence of malignant hypertension was observed at diagnosis, particularly among patients with IgAN.