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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

Processing of nonconventional DNA strand break ends.

David M Wilson1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. wilsonda@grc.nia.nih.gov

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
|October 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) are common genetic damage. Defects in repairing these breaks, particularly nonconventional SSBs, are linked to inherited neurodegenerative disorders.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Single-strand breaks (SSBs) represent frequent DNA damage from oxidative stress or normal DNA metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence connects impaired repair of nonconventional SSBs to inherited neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key eukaryotic enzymes involved in processing DNA breaks with 3'- or 5'-blocking termini.
  • To discuss the cellular consequences and disease implications of unrepaired SSB damage.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on eukaryotic and human SSB repair enzymes.
  • Analysis of the functional roles of enzymes in DNA break processing.
  • Examination of disease associations linked to SSB repair defects.

More Related Videos

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
06:59

Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter

Published on: March 31, 2022

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Main Results:

  • Identification of major enzymes responsible for cleaning DNA breaks with blocking termini.
  • Elucidation of the critical role of SSB repair in preventing neurodegeneration.
  • Highlighting the cellular and disease ramifications of unrepaired SSBs.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient enzymatic processing of SSBs is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity.
  • Deficiencies in SSB repair pathways contribute significantly to inherited neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Understanding SSB repair mechanisms is vital for comprehending disease pathogenesis.