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Detecting Bacteria in Their Mammalian Hosts Using Metabolism-Targeted [13C]CO2 Breath Testing.

Marina López-Álvarez1, Sang Hee Lee1, Anju Wadhwa1

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel breath test using 13C-enriched metabolites to detect bacterial infections noninvasively. The test shows promise for diagnosing infections, monitoring treatment efficacy, and predicting the performance of advanced imaging tracers.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Infectious diseases pose a significant global health burden, with rising antibiotic resistance necessitating advanced diagnostic tools.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or lack efficiency in detecting infections promptly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of intravenously administered, bacteria-specific, 13C-enriched metabolites for noninvasive infection detection.
  • To assess the potential of [13C]-CO2 breath testing for diagnosing various infections and monitoring antimicrobial therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized several 13C-enriched metabolites ([U-13C]-maltose, [U-13C]-maltotriose, d-[U-13C]-mannitol, l-[U-13C]-arabinose) administered intravenously.
  • Detected [13C]-CO2 production using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy in vitro and in vivo models.
  • Correlated [13C]-CO2 production with bacterial burden and compared it with positron emission tomography (PET) tracer performance.

Main Results:

  • Specific pathogens metabolized 13C-enriched metabolites to [13C]-CO2 in vitro with minimal production in uninfected mice.
  • Successfully detected myositis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and osteomyelitis in vivo.
  • Demonstrated that [13C]-CO2 production correlates with bacterial load and can monitor antimicrobial treatment efficacy, and predicts PET tracer performance.

Conclusions:

  • 13C-CO2 breath testing using enriched metabolites is a viable, noninvasive method for diagnosing bacterial infections.
  • This approach offers a complementary diagnostic strategy and can guide the use of advanced imaging techniques like PET scans.