Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Slr protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is selectively expressed in vivo and is a target for protective antibodies.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Bacterial targeting of the neutrophil inhibitory receptor LILRB3 to evade antibody immunity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

User Guided Selection and Alignment of Sequence Data by GeneMatrix.

Journal of molecular evolution·2026
Same author

Unravelling mechanisms regulating Mincle activation.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

LILRA5 Functions to Induce ROS Production on Innate Immune Cells.

European journal of immunology·2025
Same author

Mitochondrial bioenergetics and intracellular calcium concentration in primary myotubes from mouse models of malignant hyperthermia.

British journal of anaesthesia·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores.

Alex J McCarthy1, Marie-Anne Shaw, Simon J Goodman

  • 1Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. bgy2ajm@leeds.ac.uk

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|October 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pathogen evolution, specifically at key sites in the canine distemper virus (CDV) haemagglutinin gene, drives the emergence of new host-pathogen combinations. This viral adaptation is crucial for CDV spreading to novel wildlife carnivore species.

More Related Videos

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
10:26

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR
11:00

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR

Published on: November 28, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins
05:08

Application of I TASSER, trRosetta, UCSF Chimera, HADDOCK server, and HEX loria for De Novo and In Silico Design of Proteins

Published on: July 8, 2025

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
10:26

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR
11:00

High-throughput Detection of Respiratory Pathogens in Animal Specimens by Nanoscale PCR

Published on: November 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Emerging infectious diseases pose significant threats to animal health and biodiversity.
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a global pathogen in dogs and a conservation concern for wildlife carnivores.
  • The role of pathogen evolution versus host range expansion alone in novel host establishment is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of molecular evolution in CDV emergence in non-dog hosts.
  • To assess how selection and recombination shape CDV genetic diversity.
  • To test if adaptation at specific viral sites correlates with CDV spillover events.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive phylogenetic analysis of complete CDV gene sequences.
  • Molecular evolution analysis to detect selection and recombination.
  • Focus on adaptation at receptor-binding sites of the haemagglutinin gene.

Main Results:

  • Viral evolution, not just host range expansion, is required for novel host establishment.
  • Specific molecular adaptations in the CDV haemagglutinin gene (residues 530 and 549) were identified.
  • These adaptations were associated with multiple independent CDV emergences in new wildlife carnivore species.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular adaptation at functional viral sites is a key driver of CDV emergence in novel hosts.
  • Understanding viral evolution is critical for predicting and managing emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.
  • This study provides evidence for evolutionary mechanisms underlying host jumps in morbilliviruses.