Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

6.0K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
6.0K
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

7.9K
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
7.9K
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

4.9K
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
4.9K
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

17.2K
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
17.2K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.2K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.2K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

11.9K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Slr protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is selectively expressed in vivo and is a target for protective antibodies.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

Bacterial targeting of the neutrophil inhibitory receptor LILRB3 to evade antibody immunity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components inhibit herpes simplex virus infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

LILRA5 Functions to Induce ROS Production on Innate Immune Cells.

European journal of immunology·2025
Same author

Lactobacillus crispatus S-layer proteins modulate innate immune response and inflammation in the lower female reproductive tract.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Suicidality among clients in a network of coordinated specialty care (CSC) programs for first-episode psychosis: Rates, changes in rates, and their predictors.

Schizophrenia research·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.9K

Unravelling mechanisms regulating Mincle activation.

Lindsay G Serene1, Robert Buchanan2, Alex J McCarthy3

  • 1Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Communications Biology
|January 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mincle, a key inflammation driver, requires precise regulation to prevent excessive responses. Understanding its activation mechanisms is crucial for developing new immunotherapies and vaccine adjuvants.

More Related Videos

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.0K
Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
07:09

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.9K
Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
11:48

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.0K
Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mincle is a C-type lectin that significantly drives inflammatory processes.
  • Its ability to recognize diverse endogenous and exogenous ligands necessitates strict regulatory control.
  • Dysregulated Mincle activation can lead to excessive and harmful inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the mechanisms governing Mincle-dependent cellular activation.
  • To identify current knowledge gaps in Mincle regulation.
  • To highlight the potential therapeutic applications of understanding Mincle activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Mincle.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular pathways involved in Mincle signaling.
  • Discussion of ligand recognition and downstream effects.

Main Results:

  • Mincle activation is tightly controlled by a complex network of regulatory mechanisms.
  • Specific endogenous and exogenous ligands trigger distinct Mincle-mediated responses.
  • Gaps exist in understanding the precise molecular interactions and signaling thresholds.

Conclusions:

  • Precise regulation of Mincle activation is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • Further research into Mincle regulatory mechanisms is needed.
  • This knowledge can inform the rational design of targeted immunotherapies and vaccine adjuvants.