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Related Concept Videos

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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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LILRA5 Functions to Induce ROS Production on Innate Immune Cells.

Zuyi Fu1, Matevž Rumpret1, Irina Kube-Golovin2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Section of Molecular Microbiology, Imperial College London, London, UK.

European Journal of Immunology
|October 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5 (LILRA5) is an activating receptor on phagocytes that stimulates ROS production. Its expression is dynamic and altered in patients with systemic infections, suggesting a role in immune responses.

Keywords:
LILRA5activating receptorinfectionreactive oxygen speciessepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immune receptors on phagocytes are crucial for microbial killing.
  • Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A5 (LILRA5) is an orphan receptor on human phagocytes, poorly characterized.
  • LILRA5 co-localizes with FcRγ.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the function and regulation of LILRA5.
  • To investigate LILRA5's role in immune responses, particularly in infection and sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a specific agonistic anti-LILRA5 monoclonal antibody.
  • Analysis of LILRA5 expression on monocytes and neutrophils.
  • Measurement of ROS production upon LILRA5 ligation.
  • Assessment of LILRA5 levels in patients with sepsis and systemic infection.
  • Investigation of LILRA5 regulation by LPS stimulation and its shedding.

Main Results:

  • LILRA5 is expressed on naïve monocytes and neutrophils and stimulates ROS production upon ligation.
  • Increased LILRA5 transcripts and soluble LILRA5 (sLILRA5) were observed in sepsis patients.
  • LPS stimulation dynamically altered surface LILRA5 expression, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation.
  • Shedding of LILRA5 contributes to soluble forms and regulates surface expression.
  • Altered surface LILRA5 expression impacts ROS production capacity.

Conclusions:

  • LILRA5 is a dynamically regulated activating receptor on phagocytes.
  • LILRA5 activation stimulates ROS production, a key microbicidal mechanism.
  • LILRA5 regulation via shedding and dynamic expression suggests a role in modulating immune responses during infection.