Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Restorative Care

Restorative Care

Restorative care is provided once a patient has been discharged from a healthcare facility and requires additional services. The additional services include home care, rehabilitation programs, and extended care. Restorative care centers help the patient regain their previous level of functioning or acquire a new level of functioning due to the incapacitating effects of a disease or a disability. It aims to assist patients in enhancing their quality of life by encouraging independence,...

Equity Theory

Equity Theory

Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...

Punishment

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
Punishment can be positive or negative. Positive punishment involves adding an undesirable stimulus, such as scolding, to decrease a behavior. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus, such as taking away a favorite toy, to decrease behavior.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement

Positive and negative reinforcement are key concepts in operant conditioning, a learning process where the consequences of a behavior affect the likelihood of that behavior being repeated.
Positive reinforcement occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a rewarding stimulus, increasing the frequency of that behavior. For example:

Fundamental Attribution Error

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

Impression Management Techniques III: Aligning Actions

Aligning actions are communicative strategies individuals employ to maintain social harmony and preserve personal identity in the face of potential disruptions to social norms. These actions are particularly important in managing social impressions when one's behavior might be seen as inappropriate, incompetent, or morally questionable.Types of Aligning ActionsThe three principal types of aligning actions are disclaimers, accounts, and apologies.DisclaimersDisclaimers are preventive; they are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Dissociative Photoionization, and Pyrolysis of Aziridine.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Same author

Wherefore art thou competitors? How situational affordances help differentiate among prosociality, individualism, and competition.

European journal of personality·2026

Same author

Agreeing to disagree: When do superordinate identities facilitate competing opinion-based groups to work through intergroup conflict?

The British journal of social psychology·2026

Same author

Conflictive Uncertainty: A Framework for Understanding the Aversion to Conflicting Information in Social Contexts.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2025

Same author

What goes around comes around? Holding racist attitudes predicts increased psychological distress over time.

Comprehensive psychiatry·2025

Same author

Distinct haplotypes and reversed dominance at a single-gene balanced polymorphism controlling heterodichogamy in two genera of wingnuts.

Current biology : CB·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

Retributive and restorative justice.

Michael Wenzel¹, Tyler G Okimoto, Norman T Feather

¹School of Psychology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. Michael.Wenzel@flinders.edu.au

Law and Human Behavior

|October 25, 2007

Summary

Restorative justice repairs harm through shared values, differing from retributive justice

Area of Science:

Psychology of Justice
Criminal Justice Studies

Background:

Western criminal justice often relies on retributive justice.
Restorative justice offers an alternative model focusing on shared values and bilateral processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the psychological implications of restorative justice.
To differentiate between restorative and retributive justice in responding to rule-breaking.

Main Methods:

Conceptual analysis of justice models.
Examination of symbolic implications of transgressions.
Discussion of identity construal in justice processes.

Main Results:

Restorative justice emphasizes shared values and bilateral repair.

More Related Videos

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care

Published on: February 16, 2011

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

A Procedure to Study Stress-Induced Relapse of Heroin Seeking after Punishment-Imposed Abstinence

Published on: March 23, 2022

Retributive justice focuses on punishment and status/power concerns.

Perceived identity relation between parties is central to justice responses.

Conclusions:

Restorative justice may foster a stronger sense of shared values and community.
Understanding identity construal is crucial for effective justice interventions.
Further research is needed on restoring justice after intergroup transgressions.