Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Palladium-catalyzed double annulations to construct multisubstituted benzodifurans
Zhiqiang Liang1, Shengming Ma, Jihong Yu
1State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
Researchers developed efficient palladium-catalyzed methods to synthesize complex benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difurans and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difurans. Further reactions yielded novel pentacyclic compounds, expanding synthetic chemistry possibilities.
Area of Science:
- Organic Synthesis
- Heterocyclic Chemistry
Background:
- Benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b"]difurans and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b"]difurans are important heterocyclic scaffolds.
- Previous synthetic methods may lack efficiency or versatility.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop efficient synthetic routes for multisubstituted benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b"]difurans and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b"]difurans.
- To explore the synthesis of novel pentacyclic compounds.
Main Methods:
- Palladium-catalyzed double annulation reactions.
- Utilizing bis(allyloxy)bis(alkynyl)benzenes or bis(alkynyl)dihydroxybenzenes and allylic halides.
- Double ring-closing metathesis reactions.
Main Results:
- Successful construction of multisubstituted benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b"]difurans and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b"]difurans.
- Preparation of novel pentacyclic compounds via double ring-closing metathesis.
Conclusions:
- The reported palladium-catalyzed double annulation provides an efficient pathway to complex difuran systems.
- The subsequent ring-closing metathesis offers a route to advanced pentacyclic structures.
More Related Videos
05:34Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
Published on: December 16, 2019
10:10Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
Published on: July 28, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...