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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

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Contrast discrimination: second responses reveal the relationship between the mean and variance of visual signals
1Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University, London EC1V 0HB, UK. J.A.Solomon@city.ac.uk
Abstract:
To explain the relationship between first- and second-response accuracies in a detection experiment, Swets, Tanner, and Birdsall [Swets, J., Tanner, W. P., Jr., & Birdsall, T. G. (1961). Decision processes in perception. Psychological Review, 68, 301-340] proposed that the variance of visual signals increased with their means. However, both a low threshold and intrinsic uncertainty produce similar relationships. I measured the relationship between first- and second-response accuracies for suprathreshold contrast discrimination, which is thought to be unaffected by sensory thresholds and intrinsic uncertainty. The results are consistent with a slowly increasing variance.
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