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Introduction to Scalers

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Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
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Many familiar physical quantities can be specified completely by giving a single number and the appropriate unit. For example, "a class period lasts 50 min," or "the gas tank in my car holds 65 L," or "the distance between the two posts is 100 m." A physical quantity that can be specified completely in this manner is called a scalar quantity. The word "scalar" is a synonym for "number." Time, mass, distance, length, volume, temperature, and energy are some examples of scalar quantities.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

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Published on: April 5, 2013

IStar: a raster representation for scalable image and volume data.

Joe Kniss¹, Warren Hunt, Kristin Potter

¹Advanced Graphics Lab, University of New Mexico, USA. jmk@cs.umm.edu

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

|October 31, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce IStar, a novel raster-based representation for multivariate data. It preserves sharp discontinuities and enables real-time rendering by embedding topological information into compressed images.

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Area of Science:

Computer Graphics
Data Visualization
Scientific Computing

Background:

Topology is crucial for analyzing scalar and flow fields in data visualization.
Existing methods struggle with preserving discontinuities in multivariate data.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an efficient, raster-based representation for multivariate image and volume data with discontinuities.
To enable real-time rendering of complex data while preserving sharp features.

Main Methods:

Analyzing data topology to create a dual graph structure of segmentable regions.
Embedding graph and sampled data into a compressed raster image format (IStar).
Reconstructing the original function using the dual graph during rendering.

Main Results:

IStar representation preserves sharp discontinuities at any magnification level.
Achieved substantial downsampling and compression of data.
Demonstrated real-time reconstruction and rendering on graphics hardware.

Conclusions:

IStar offers a scalable, raster-based solution for visualizing multivariate data with discontinuities.
The approach combines the benefits of vector graphics (sharp features) with raster graphics (real-time performance).
Enables efficient, high-fidelity visualization in real-time rendering pipelines.