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Updated: Jul 10, 2026
An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
Published on: December 1, 2013
VEGF-C, VEGF-D and Flt-4 in transitional bladder cancer: relationships to clinicopathological parameters and
Edwin Herrmann1, Elke Eltze, Stefan Bierer
1Department of Urology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. herrmae@ukmuenster.de
Background:
Our aim was to determine the role of the lymphangiogenic markers VEGF-C, VEGF-D and Flt-4 in transitional bladder cancer.
Materials And Methods:
Archival cystectomy tumor blocks of 286 patients were selected for construction of a tissue microarray (TMA). Paraffin sections were assessed immunohistochemically using polyclonal antibodies against VEGF-C, VEGF-D and Flt-4. Staining results were evaluated semiquantitatively and analyzed for their association with various clinicopathological factors.
Results:
There was no association of VEGF-C with histopathological parameters or clinical outcome. Patients with VEGF-D overexpression had higher pathological tumor stages (p =0.021) and regional lymph node metastasis (p=0.008). Furthermore, they had a significantly reduced disease-free survival (p=0.042). Overexpression of Flt-4 was particularly present in the subgroup of G3 and G4 tumors (p=0.001) and was associated with a shorter disease-free survival (p=0.041). In multivariate analysis, only tumor stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic parameters.
Conclusion:
Targeting VEGF-D and Flt-4 could be a useful tool to predict and control progression of bladder cancer.
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