[Radiation-induced xerostomia: prevention, treatment, perspectives]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiotherapy
• Oral Medicine

Background:

• Head and neck cancer patients commonly receive radiotherapy.
• Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a frequent and significant side effect of this treatment.
• Evaluating and grading xerostomia relies on both subjective patient reports and objective clinical measures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current understanding and management of xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
• To highlight advancements in preserving salivary gland function and alleviating dry mouth symptoms.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of radiotherapy techniques, cytoprotectants, pharmacologic agents, and supportive oral care.
• Analysis of methods for xerostomia assessment and grading.
• Discussion of emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Advanced radiotherapy techniques and cytoprotectants show promise in preserving salivary gland function.
• Pharmacologic interventions like parasympathomimetics and saliva substitutes effectively reduce xerostomia symptoms.
• Strict oral hygiene, including fluoride use, is crucial for preventing dental complications and infections.

Conclusions:

• Significant progress has been made in understanding xerostomia's pathophysiology.
• A multi-faceted approach involving improved radiotherapy, cytoprotection, symptomatic treatment, and diligent oral care is essential for managing xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients.