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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 (PTPN11) Phosphatase Inhibitors
08:45

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 (PTPN11) Phosphatase Inhibitors

Published on: July 17, 2020

Why is PTEN an important tumor suppressor?

Li Li1, Alonzo H Ross

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|November 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a crucial tumor suppressor. Its absence disrupts critical cell pathways, including the PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to cancer development.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 (PTPN11) Phosphatase Inhibitors
08:45

Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 (PTPN11) Phosphatase Inhibitors

Published on: July 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was initially identified as a tumor suppressor in brain tumors.
  • PTEN's role has expanded, recognizing it as a significant tumor suppressor across various cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why PTEN is a prevalent and critical tumor suppressor.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PTEN's tumor suppressive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PTEN function and its role in cancer.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways regulated by PTEN, including the PI3K-Akt pathway.
  • Examination of the interplay between PTEN and other tumor suppressors like p53.

Main Results:

  • PTEN lacks functional redundancy within its family, making its loss impactful.
  • Loss of PTEN leads to dysregulation of key pathways, notably the PI3K-Akt pathway, affecting cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis.
  • PTEN interacts with the p53 tumor suppressor, and its loss contributes to genomic instability.

Conclusions:

  • PTEN is essential for cancer prevention due to its unique role in regulating multiple critical cellular processes.
  • The misregulation of both Akt-dependent and -independent pathways upon PTEN loss underscores its importance in tumorigenesis.