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Us and them: memory advantages in perceptually ambiguous groups.

Nicholas O Rule1, Nalni Ambady, Reginald B Adams

  • 1Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA. nicholas.rule@tufts.edu

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|November 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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People remember faces better when they perceive them as belonging to their own social group. This study shows ingroup memory advantages for male sexual orientation, impacting face memory and perception.

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Sexuality

Background:

  • Ingroup advantages and outgroup deficits are documented for salient social categories like race and gender.
  • These effects are less studied for less perceptually apparent categories, such as sexual orientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ingroup advantages and outgroup deficits in face perception and memory related to male sexual orientation.
  • To determine if social categorization influences memory accuracy for sexual orientation.

Main Methods:

  • Participants rated the sexual orientation of male faces.
  • Memory for these faces was assessed in a subsequent task.
  • The study analyzed the interaction between participant sexual orientation and perceived image sexual orientation.

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Main Results:

  • An interaction revealed ingroup enhancement and outgroup deficit in face memory.
  • This effect occurred regardless of whether the initial perception of sexual orientation was accurate.
  • Accurate identification of sexual orientation also showed parallel ingroup/outgroup effects.

Conclusions:

  • Social categorization significantly impacts subsequent memory processes.
  • Cognitive mechanisms for group recognition may be adapted for social applications like sexual orientation perception.
  • Findings extend social categorization research to less visually apparent social groups.