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Selecting and evaluating native plants for region-specific phytotoxicity testing.

David Olszyk1, Thomas Pfleeger, E Henry Lee

  • 1US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. olszyk.david@epa.gov

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
|November 2, 2007
PubMed
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This study assessed herbicide drift risks to native plants, finding some species are as sensitive as crops. Native plants show greater herbicide sensitivity variability than crops, highlighting the need for diverse testing species.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Plant Science
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Herbicide drift poses risks to non-target terrestrial plants.
  • Current ecotoxicity testing often uses crop species, potentially underestimating risks to native flora.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate methods for assessing herbicide drift risks to native plant species.
  • To compare the herbicide sensitivity of native plant species with standard crop species used in regulatory testing.
  • To investigate the variability in herbicide response among native species.

Main Methods:

  • Spatial analysis to identify native plant species at risk in Illinois, USA.
  • Selection and growth of five native species (e.g., Andropogon gerardi, Solidago canadensis) and five crop species (e.g., Avena sativa, Glycine max).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exposure of selected species to low concentrations of sulfometuron methyl herbicide and measurement of shoot dry weight to determine effective concentration 25% (EC25) values.

    • Main Results:

    • Two native species, Polygonum lapathifolium and Solidago canadensis, exhibited sensitivity to sulfometuron methyl comparable to crop species.
    • Native species displayed a wider range of sensitivity to the herbicide compared to the tested crop species.
    • Andropogon gerardi demonstrated tolerance to sulfometuron methyl at all tested concentrations.

    Conclusions:

    • Native plant species can be successfully incorporated into phytotoxicity testing protocols to assess herbicide risks.
    • Incorporating diverse native species is crucial as they exhibit greater variability in herbicide sensitivity than standard crop species.
    • The Weibull function is a useful tool for calculating EC25 values, especially when using low herbicide concentrations.