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Antifungal therapy for neonatal candidiasis
Theoklis Zaoutis1, Thomas J Walsh
1Department of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. zaoutis@email.chop.edu
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|November 3, 2007
Summary
Neonatal candidiasis is a serious concern, particularly for premature infants. Antifungal prophylaxis effectively prevents this infection in high-risk newborns, with new treatments showing promise.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Candida species are a leading cause of invasive fungal infections in neonatal intensive care units.
- Neonatal candidiasis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
- It is the third most common cause of late-onset sepsis in neonates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent data on antifungal prophylaxis and treatment for neonatal candidiasis.
- To summarize current understanding of risk factors and effective prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on neonatal candidiasis.
- Analysis of data on antifungal agents and their efficacy in neonates.
Main Results:
- Prophylaxis is effective in preventing candidiasis in high-risk infants, especially in high-incidence NICUs.
- Amphotericin B remains a primary treatment, but echinocandins and azoles are under evaluation.
- Risk factors for neonatal candidiasis have been identified.
Conclusions:
- Neonatal candidiasis is a critical infection, especially in extremely low-birthweight infants.
- Prophylaxis is a proven strategy for high-risk neonates.
- Emerging data on antifungal agents will improve management of neonatal candidiasis.
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