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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
Introduction Cardiac Emergencies01:30

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Utilizing the Modified T-Maze to Assess Functional Memory Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest
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Published on: January 5, 2018

Blunt cardiac trauma.

Mikhael F El-Chami1, William Nicholson, Tarek Helmy

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|November 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing cardiac injury from blunt chest trauma is challenging due to unreliable tests. Transesophageal echocardiogram offers superior sensitivity and specificity for detecting blunt cardiac trauma.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Blunt chest trauma can cause cardiac injury, but its incidence and diagnosis are challenging.
  • Clinical presentation of cardiac involvement is highly variable, lacking a definitive diagnostic standard.
  • Current diagnostic tools like ECG and cardiac biomarkers (CK-MB, troponins) have limitations in sensitivity and specificity for trauma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of various imaging modalities for cardiac injury in blunt chest trauma.
  • To identify the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing blunt cardiac trauma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diagnostic methods for cardiac injury post-blunt chest trauma.
  • Comparison of the accuracy of electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers (creatine kinase MB, troponins T and I), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE).

Main Results:

  • ECG is neither sensitive nor specific for cardiac contusion.
  • Creatine kinase MB is unreliable in severe trauma involving other organs.
  • Troponins T and I show poor sensitivity in trauma settings.
  • Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) can be limited by poor acoustic windows in trauma patients.
  • Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) demonstrates higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting cardiac injury in trauma.

Conclusions:

  • Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the preferred diagnostic modality for patients with high clinical suspicion of blunt cardiac trauma.
  • TEE overcomes limitations associated with TTE in trauma patients, particularly those with chest/lung injuries or intubation.
  • Accurate diagnosis of blunt cardiac trauma requires careful consideration of test limitations and patient factors.