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Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

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Learning disabilities: the need for neuropsychological evaluation.

Cheryl H Silver¹, Ronald M Ruff, Grant L Iverson

¹Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9088, USA. cheryl.silver@utsouthwestern.edu

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

|November 6, 2007

Summary

A learning disability (LD) is a neurobiological disorder impacting reading, writing, and math skills. Proper evaluation of neuropsychological abilities is crucial for identifying strengths and developing effective strategies.

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Area of Science:

Neurobiology
Neuropsychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Learning disability (LD) is a neurobiological disorder affecting academic skills.
LD presents as difficulties in reading, arithmetic, or written expression, unexpected given intellectual ability.
LD is distinct from emotional disorders and not caused by them.

Purpose of the Study:

To define learning disabilities and their characteristics.
To emphasize the importance of accurate evaluation for LD.
To highlight the role of neuropsychological assessment in identifying strengths for intervention.

Main Methods:

Review of neurobiological and neuropsychological literature on learning disabilities.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria for LD.
Discussion of evaluation methodologies for identifying LD and cognitive strengths.

Main Results:

Learning disabilities are neurobiological, not emotional, in origin.
Inadequate evaluation can lead to functional impairment.
Neuropsychological assessment is key to identifying specific deficits and strengths.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of learning disabilities requires a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.
Identifying neurocognitive strengths is essential for developing effective compensatory strategies and treatments.
Early and proper evaluation can mitigate the adverse impact of LD on an individual's life.