Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia and renal involvement

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Nephrology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) is a rare disorder.
• Renal complications of IIH include nephrocalcinosis, distal tubular dysfunction, nephrolithiasis, and renal failure.

Observation:

• A two-month-old infant presented with IIH.
• The infant exhibited distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) and nephrocalcinosis.
• Hypercalcemia persisted despite correction of acidosis and dehydration.

Findings:

• Calcitonin treatment was effective in ameliorating persistent hypercalcemia.
• Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for managing IIH.

Implications:

• This case underscores the severe renal impact of IIH.
• Calcitonin is a viable therapeutic option for refractory hypercalcemia in IIH.
• Highlights the importance of timely intervention in pediatric hypercalcemia cases.