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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Using the Overlay Assay to Qualitatively Measure Bacterial Production of and Sensitivity to Pneumococcal Bacteriocins

Using the Overlay Assay to Qualitatively Measure Bacterial Production of and Sensitivity to Pneumococcal Bacteriocins

Published on: September 30, 2014

Pneumococcal immunisation in the 21st century.

Craig Williams¹, Robert Masterton

¹Department of Microbiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Dalnair St., Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK. craig.williams@yorkhill.scot.nhs.uk

The Journal of Infection

|November 6, 2007

Summary

Pneumococcal vaccination was introduced into the UK childhood immunization program in 2006. This review examines the history and effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines for individuals and the public.

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Published on: February 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Public Health
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

Routine pneumococcal vaccination for UK children was announced in February 2006.
Pneumococcal vaccines protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical context of pneumococcal vaccination.
To evaluate the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines in the UK.

Main Methods:

Literature review of pneumococcal vaccination history.
Analysis of vaccine effectiveness data.

Main Results:

Pneumococcal vaccination has a significant impact on disease reduction.
Effectiveness is observed in both vaccinated individuals and herd immunity.

Conclusions:

The introduction of routine pneumococcal vaccination is a key public health intervention.
Continued monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is essential.