Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cell type-dependent induction of type I interferon and PARP1 activation in astrocytes and neurons during chikungunya virus infection.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Single-cell profiling of immune activation, dysregulation, and reconstitution in rhesus macaques after measles virus infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

IRF7 deficiency in myeloid cells results in increased disease severity and death during alphavirus encephalomyelitis despite intact expression of type I interferons.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

Distinct Humoral Response Development to Measles Virus across Vaccine Platforms.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Neurotropic alphavirus infection induces PARP-1 hyperactivation-mediated energy collapse in motor neurons.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Interferon-β Modulates Early Viral Replication Kinetics and Innate Responses to Non-Fatal Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Measles vaccines.

Diane E Griffin1, Chien-Hsiung Pan, William J Moss

  • 1W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. dgriffin@jhsph.edu

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|November 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Measles virus (MV) causes a highly infectious disease. Live attenuated vaccines (LAV) are crucial for measles control, with ongoing research for improved vaccines for early infant immunization.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice
08:03

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: April 15, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
07:44

Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

Published on: May 12, 2023

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice
08:03

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: April 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Measles is a highly infectious disease caused by the measles virus (MV), a Paramyxoviridae family member, spread via respiratory droplets.
  • Complications include secondary infections due to MV-induced immune suppression and post-infectious encephalomyelitis.
  • MV was isolated in 1954, leading to vaccine development that significantly reduced global measles morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and current status of measles vaccines.
  • To discuss the challenges and future directions in measles vaccine research.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of measles vaccine development, from early inactivated vaccines to current live attenuated vaccines (LAV).
  • Analysis of LAV efficacy, seroconversion rates, and factors affecting immunization in infants.
  • Overview of ongoing research into novel measles vaccine candidates.

Main Results:

  • Early formalin-inactivated measles vaccines were ineffective and potentially harmful.
  • Live attenuated vaccines (LAV), derived from further attenuated Edmonston virus strains, are well-tolerated and effective.
  • Seroconversion rates for LAV are approximately 85% at 9 months and 95% at 12 months, with maternal antibodies and immune immaturity affecting younger infants.
  • Achieving herd immunity requires >95% population immunity, necessitating a two-dose vaccination strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Live attenuated measles vaccines have been instrumental in reducing global measles burden.
  • Further research focuses on developing vaccines for infants younger than 6 months, needle-free delivery, and improved heat stability.
  • New recombinant MV protein vaccines show promise in preclinical studies.