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Related Concept Videos

The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
The Cell Cycle Control System02:11

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle is an organized set of events that leads the cell to divide into two daughter cells, each containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell. It is the cell cycle that leads to the formation of an entire organism from a single-cell zygote. Besides, cell division also functions in the renewal or repair of tissues in adult multicellular eukaryotes. For example, in the bone marrow, the stem cells divide to form new blood cells. Although essential for several functions, cell...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

TFIIH controls developmentally-regulated cell cycle progression as a holocomplex.

Motomi Matsuno1, Hiroyuki Kose, Masataka Okabe

  • 1Department of Developmental Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.

Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
|November 8, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The basal transcription factor TFIIH

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Published on: August 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • TFIIH (Transcription Factor II Human) is a crucial multi-functional complex involved in transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle control.
  • It comprises a core TFIIH complex and a Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) sub-complex.
  • In vitro, CAK regulates the cell cycle, while core TFIIH is vital for DNA repair, but their in vivo roles remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo functions of TFIIH sub-complexes in Drosophila.
  • To characterize the roles of core TFIIH subunits in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation.
  • To elucidate how TFIIH mutations impact cell cycle progression and development.

Main Methods:

  • Generated and analyzed mutations in the p52 core subunit of TFIIH in Drosophila.
  • Assessed UV sensitivity to evaluate DNA repair capacity.
  • Examined cell cycle progression and synchronization in p52 mutant cells, particularly in eye imaginal discs.

Main Results:

  • p52 mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to UV, indicating impaired DNA repair.
  • Mutant cells could divide and differentiate, but eye imaginal disc cells failed to synchronize cell cycles, arresting at G1.
  • Similar G1 arrest phenotypes were observed in mutations of XPB (core) and CDK7 (CAK), suggesting interplay between core TFIIH and CAK activity.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo, core TFIIH is essential for DNA repair and proper cell cycle progression.
  • Defects in core TFIIH subunits impact the G1/S transition, potentially by modulating CAK activity.
  • The holo-TFIIH complex likely mediates TFIIH's cell cycle regulatory functions during development.